Attachment patterns in eating disorders: past in the present.

OBJECTIVE There is a wide literature suggesting abnormal mother-daughter and familial attachment patterns in individuals with eating disorders. We surmised that this insecurity would extend to adult attachment relationships. METHODS The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ) was administered to all inpatients and outpatients at a tertiary referral eating disorders unit over a given period of time, and to controls. The RAQ operationalizes the key components of reciprocal attachment, and is in close theoretical agreement with the Adult Attachment Interview. RESULTS Patients scored significantly higher than controls on most scales of the RAQ, most notably on Compulsive Care-Seeking and Compulsive Self-Reliance. We did not find any associations between eating disorder diagnoses and particular attachment profiles. CONCLUSIONS A basic "pull-push" dilemma was demonstrated in the reciprocal attachment relationships of eating-disordered subjects. This dilemma bedevils attempts at therapy and may illuminate the strong feelings elicited by these patients in their therapists. The association of attachment style with particular disorder subgroup diagnoses is complicated. Childhood attachment insecurity may provide a vulnerability whose symptomatic manifestation is colored by later events.